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the subject-matter of a poem

  • 1 argumentum

    argūmentum, i, n. [arguo].
    I.
    A.. The means by which an assertion or assumption may be made clear, proved, an argument, evidence, proof (and in particular, that which rests upon facts, while ratio is that which depends upon reasoning):

    argumentum est ratio, quae rei dubiae facit fidem,

    Cic. Top. 2, 7: quid est argumentum? Probabile inventum ad faciendam fidem, id. Part. Or. 2:

    argumentum est ratio probationem praestans, quā colligitur aliquid per aliud, et quae, quod est dubium, per id quod dubium non est, confirmat,

    Quint. 5, 10, 11:

    de eā re signa atque argumenta paucis verbis eloquar,

    Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 35; 1, 1, 267; id. Rud. 4, 3, 84; id. Truc. 2, 6, 26 al.:

    commemorando Argumenta fidem dictis conradere,

    Lucr. 1, 401; so id. 1, 417:

    argumenta multa et firma ad probandum,

    Cic. Brut. 78, 272:

    aliquid exemplis magis quam argumentis refellere,

    id. de Or. 1, 19, 88:

    argumento esse,

    Liv. 5, 44; 39, 51:

    litterae ad senatum missae argumentum fuere, etc.,

    id. 8, 30:

    In argumentum fidei retentum pallium ostendit marito,

    Vulg. Gen. 39, 16; ib. Act. 1, 3:

    inopia fecerat eam (rem parvam) argumentum ingens caritatis,

    Liv. 5, 47:

    libertatis argumentum,

    Tac. G. 25:

    Est fides argumentum non apparentium,

    Vulg. Heb. 11, 22:

    addit pro argumento,

    Suet. Calig. 8:

    velut argumentum rursus conditae urbis,

    id. ib. 16:

    levibus utrimque argumentis,

    id. Galb. 7 et saep.—
    B.
    A sign by which any thing is known, a mark, token, evidence:

    animi laeti Argumenta,

    signs, indications, Ov. M. 4, 762:

    voti potentis,

    id. ib. 8, 745: unguentarii myrrham digerunt haud difficulter odoris atque pinguetudinis argumentis, according to the indications of smell, etc., Plin. 12, 15, 35, § 68:

    caelum quidem haud dubie caelati argumenti dicimus,

    id. 2, 4, 3, § 8:

    amoris hoc est argumentum, non malignitatis,

    Petr. 137, 8:

    argumenta viri, i. e. indicia,

    Juv. 9, 85 al. —
    II.
    The matter which lies at the basis of any written or artistic representation, contents, subject, theme, argument, hupothesis:

    Argumentum plura significat. Nam et fabulae ad actum scaenicarum compositae argumenta dicuntur: et orationum Ciceronis velut thema ipse exponens Pedianus, argumentum, inquit, tale est: quo apparet omnem ad scribendum destinatam materiam ita appellari,

    Quint. 5, 10, 9 and 10.
    A.
    Of every kind of representation in writing.
    1.
    Lit.:

    argumentum est ficta res, quae tamen fieri potuit,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 19; id. Att. 15, 4, 3:

    tabulae novae, quid habent argumenti, nisi ut, etc.,

    what is their drift? what do they mean? id. Off. 2, 23, 84:

    epistulae,

    id. Att. 10, 13; 9, 10; 1, 19.
    a.
    But esp. freq., the subject-matter of a poem or fictitious writing, the subject, contents:

    post argumentum hujus eloquar tragoediae,

    Plaut. Am. prol. 51; cf. id. ib. 96; so id. Trin. 3, 2, 81:

    argumentum narrare,

    Ter. And. prol. 6:

    fabulae,

    id. Ad. prol. 22:

    Livius Andronicus ab saturis ausus est primus argumento fabulam serere,

    i. e. a scenic representation of a subject in its connection, Liv. 7, 2:

    spectaculum, quo argumenta inferorum explicarentur,

    Suet. Calig. 57.—Hence,
    b.
    Meton. ( part for the whole), a poem in gen.:

    explicare argumenti exitum,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 20, 53:

    hoc argumento se describi sentiat,

    Phaedr. 4, 8; so id. 4, 16; 5, 3; cf. Enn. ap. Gell. 2, 29 fin.:

    sumque argumenti conditor ipse mei,

    I am myself the subject of my poem, Ov. Tr. 5, 1, 10.—
    2.
    Trop., intrinsic worth, reality, truth:

    haec tota fabella... quam est sine argumento,

    without value, reality, Cic. Cael. 27:

    non sine argumento maledicere,

    not without some reason, id. ib. 3 fin.
    B.
    The subject of artistic representations ( sculpture, painting, embroidery. etc.):

    ex ebore diligentissime perfecta argumenta erant in valvis,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 56:

    (cratera) fabricaverat Alcon Hyleus, et longo caelaverat argumento,

    Ov. M. 13, 684; cf. id. ib. 2, 5 sq.:

    vetus in telā deducitur argumentum,

    id. ib. 6, 69; Verg. A. 7, 791:

    Parrhasii tabulae,

    Suet. Tib. 44.— In philos. lang., a conclusion, a syllogism:

    Nam concludi non potest nisi iis, quae ad concludendum sumpta erunt, ita probatis ut falsa ejusdem modi nulla possint esse,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 14, 44 al.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > argumentum

  • 2 fabula

    1.
    fābŭla, ae, f. [fari], a narration, narrative, account, story; the subject of common talk.
    I.
    In gen. (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose;

    syn.: narratio, fasti, annales, res gestae, historia): additur fabulae, quo vulgo Sabini aureas armillas brachio laevo habuerint, pepigisse eam, etc.,

    Liv. 1, 11, 8:

    poëticae (opp. incorrupta rerum gestarum monumenta), id. praef. § 6: Ummidius, qui tam (non longa est fabula) dives, ut, etc.,

    Hor. S. 1, 1, 95; id. Ep. 1, 2, 6:

    mutato nomine de te fabula narratur,

    id. S. 1, 1, 70:

    asinaeque paternum Cognomen vertas in risum et fabula flas,

    the common talk, town's talk, id. Ep. 1, 13, 9; cf.:

    heu me, per urbem Fabula quanta fui!

    id. Epod. 11, 8:

    fabula (nec sentis) tota jactaris in urbe,

    you are talked of all over the city, Ov. Am. 8, 1, 21; cf. Suet. Aug. 70; id. Dom. 15; Mart. 3, 14:

    habes omnes fabulas urbis,

    Plin. Ep. 8, 18, 11:

    nova fabula,

    the news, Juv. 1, 145:

    semper formosis fabula poena fuit,

    Prop. 2, 32, 26 (3, 30, 26 M.):

    a diverticulo repetatur fabula,

    let us return to our story, Juv. 15, 72.—
    B.
    Transf., conversation (post-Aug.):

    ut fabulas quoque eorum et disputationes et arcana semotae dictionis penitus exciperem,

    conversations, Tac. Or. 2:

    praeceptores cum auditoribus suis fabulas habent,

    id. ib. 29; cf.:

    cum inter fabulas privatas sermo esset ortus, quanti, etc.,

    in private conversation, Lampr. Heliog. 25.—With a dependent clause:

    ne id accidat, quod cuipiam Thraco venisse usu, fabula est,

    is related, Gell. 19, 12, 6.—
    2.
    In vulg. lang. (like the Germ. Geschichte), affair, concern, matter:

    sed quid ego aspicio? quae haec fabula'st?

    what sort of an affair is this? Plaut. Pers. 5, 2, 11; Ter. And. 4, 4, 8.
    II.
    In partic. (freq. and class.), a fictitious narrative, a tale, story (syn.: apologus, narratio): narrationum tris accepimus species, fabulam, quae versatur in tragoediis atque carminibus non a veritate modo, sed etiam a forma veritatis remota, argumentum... historiam, etc., Quint. 2, 4, 2:

    haec res agetur nobis, vobis fabula,

    Plaut. Capt. prol. 52:

    peregrino narrare fabulas,

    id. Men. 5, 1, 24:

    num igitur me cogis etiam fabulis credere? quae delectationis habeant quantum voles... auctoritatem quidem nullam debemus nec fidem commenticiis rebus adjungere, etc.,

    Cic. Div. 2, 55, 113; cf.:

    fictis fabulis,

    id. Mil. 3, 8:

    antiquitas recepit fabulas, fictas etiam nonnumquam incondite,

    id. Rep. 2, 10; cf.:

    a fabulis ad facta venire,

    id. ib. 2, 2 fin.:

    minor fabulis habetur fides,

    id. ib. 2, 10:

    saepe fabulis fidem firmare (consuerant),

    Suet. Rhet. 1 med.;

    Liv. praef. § 6: non fabula rumor Ille fuit,

    Ov. M. 10, 561:

    fabulam inceptat,

    Ter. And. 5, 4, 22:

    quid tamen ista velit sibi fabula, ede,

    Hor. S. 2, 5, 61:

    fabulae!

    mere stories! stuff! nonsense! Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 95; id. And. 1, 3, 19:

    ne convivialium fabularum simplicitas in crimen duceretur,

    Tac. A. 6, 11 fin.:

    sufficiunt duae fabulae, an tertiam poscis?

    Plin. Ep. 2, 20, 9.—In apposition:

    jam te premet nox fabulaeque Manes (= fabulosi, inanes),

    Hor. C. 1, 4, 16:

    civis et manes et fabula fies,

    Pers. 5, 152:

    nos jam fabula sumus,

    Ter. Hec. 4, 3, 14.—So of idle tales:

    ineptas et aniles fabulas devita,

    Vulg. 1 Tim. 4, 7 al.—
    B.
    Of particular kinds of poetry.
    1.
    Most freq., a dramatic poem, drama, play (syn.:

    ludus, cantus, actio, etc.): in full, fabula scaenica,

    Amm. 28, 1, 4;

    or, theatralis,

    id. 14, 6, 20:

    fabula ad actum scenarum composita,

    Quint. 5, 10, 9; cf. id. 11, 3, 73 sq.:

    Livianae fabulae non satis dignae, quae iterum legantur. Atque hic Livius primus fabulam, C. Clodio Caeci filio et M. Tuditano Cos. docuit,

    produced, Cic. Brut. 18, 72; v. doceo, II. init.; cf.: fabulam dare, under do, II. H.; so,

    facere,

    Varr. L. L. 5, 8:

    neque histrioni ut placeat, peragenda fabula est,

    Cic. de Sen. 19, 70:

    securus, cadat an recto stet fabula talo,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 176:

    neve minor neu sit quinto productior actu Fabula,

    id. A. P. 190:

    M. Pacuvii nova fabula,

    Cic. Lael. 7, 24:

    Terentii,

    Hor. S. 1, 2, 21:

    Attae,

    id. Ep. 2, 1, 80 et saep.:

    in fabulis stultissima persona,

    Cic. Lael. 26, 100 et saep.— Transf.:

    non solum unum actum, sed totam fabulam confecissem,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 14, 34.—
    2.
    A fable (cf. apologus):

    fabularum cur sit inventum genus Brevi docebo, etc.,

    Phaedr. 3, prol. 33:

    quae (res) vel apologum, vel fabulam vel aliquam contineat irrisionem,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 17, 25:

    nota illa de membris humanis adversus ventrem discordantibus fabula,

    Quint. 5, 11, 19 (shortly before, fabella) et saep.—Prov.: Lupus in fabula (like the Engl., talk of the devil, and he will appear), of a person who comes just as we are talking about him, Ter. Ad. 4, 1, 21; Cic. Att. 13, 33, 4; so,

    lupus in sermone,

    Plaut. Stich. 4, 1, 71.
    2.
    făbŭla, v. fabulus.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > fabula

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